Victor Frankenstein Monster Essay - 1248 Words

The most memorable gothic novels of the Victorian era are impressive due to their appealing characters and eerie plotlines. The memorable Gothic story of Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, greatly emphasizes the incredible creation of Victor Frankenstein’s monster, which greatly distinguishes her publication from others of its generation due to the monster’s unique characteristics and expressions of personality. The monster is known to cause destruction within the lives of Victor and his family, but these actions seem to have a justified cause. Within Shelly’s exceptional novel, the horrific monster is intentionally displayed as the victim with a troubled past in order for readers to sympathize with the circumstances of the monster’s creation,†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Shelley purposely portrays the monster in the story as being placed in an unfortunate and involuntary circumstance after his creation in order to cause feelings of sympathy toward s him, and to further portray him as a victim of unjust treatment in the story. In addition to the intentional utilization of an unfortunate circumstance in order to evoke compassion towards the monster, another prominent aspect of the creature that further displays him as a victim is the creature’s narration of a poignant story explaining a situation in which he was undeservingly isolated and discriminated despite having innocent intentions towards those involved. â€Å"Who can describe their horror and consternation on beholding me? Agatha fainted, and Safie, unable to attend to her friend, rushed out of the cottage...But my heart sank within me as with bitter sickness, and I refrained...when, overcome by pain and anguish, I quitted the cottage, and in the general tumult escaped unperceived to my hovel† (Shelley 118). The monster intentionally narrates his encounter with the natives in the cottage with an abundant use of self-victimization and reference to the good intentions he meant to portray in an attempt to cause Victor Frankenstein, as well as the reader, to sympathize with his past. He does this also in hopes for Frankenstein to justify his immoral actions towards his beloved brother,Show MoreRelatedVictor Frankenstein Monster Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pages In Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein creates a creature, stronger and better than humans in every way except his looks. After Frankenstein abandons him, the Creature meets the De Lacey’s, a nice little family that indirectly teach him how to read and write. In truth, the Creature only becomes a monster after the hatred that Felix, one of the De Lacey’s, shows him. Before, he had done nothing wrong, but afterwards, all he did was fall down a slippery slope. When the Creature firstRead MoreVictor and the Monster are Reciprocals in Frankenstein Essay522 Words   |  3 Pagesthe novel Frankenstein. One of these themes is that the monster and Victor are reciprocals. They were always and always will be linked. They are related in many different ways. In the following paragraphs I have mentioned four of them. One of these ways is that they are both isolated from society. The monster is isolated because of his physical features. Because he is ugly he is a social outcast. Victor isolates himself twice in the novel, when he is creating his two monsters. The firstRead MoreThemes Of Alienation In Frankenstein1294 Words   |  6 PagesThrough Frankenstein by Mary Shelley as well as Skim by Mariko Tamaki and Jillian Tamaki, themes of alienation are projected throughout both texts. Frankenstein in comparison to Skim is one that must look over the different mediums used to portray ideas , furthermore, it is important to focus on the themes of exclusion and alienation present within both texts. In this essay, I will discuss themes of alienation throughout the two texts Skim, as well as Frankenstein with the consideration of: PetscheRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelley1093 Words   |  4 PagesShelleys tale Frankenstein. On the other hand, J. Michael Bishops, essay Enemies of Promise   on the other hand promotes and boast sciences achievements. However, Mary Shelley presents her point of view subtly yet very dramatically, which is much more effective than that of J. Michael Bishop. The dramatic story Shelley creates becomes a part of the reader, therefore holding the readers attention. Shelleys essay is less concrete therefore wont bore the reader. Shelleys essay is also more effectiveRead MoreThe Monster Is Responsible For The Death Of Many People911 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein Essay A monster is responsible for the death of many people. Who is more sinful? the monster himself, or the creator of the monster? Although the monster is the sinful murderer, the creator has evaded his responsibilities of containing the monster he has created. Thus, making the creator the more sinful advocate. In the book â€Å"Frankenstein†, written by Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein, a young, curious man filled with aspirations to create a living monster has accomplished the unthinkableRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe following essay is a book review of Frankenstein, which summarizes and evaluates the story. The purpose of this essay is to describe the two important qualities, which are the overview of the plot (including the characters of the book), and the book’s strengths as well as weaknesses. Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley and is about a young man named Victor who creates his own human through multiple ty pes of science. The novel is about the monster’s journey in understanding where he cameRead MoreDiscuss the Significance of Father Figures in Frankenstein1703 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of father-figures in Frankenstein Frankenstein is a story of science gone dreadfully amiss. Shelley offers depth and meaning to Frankenstein by presenting (sometimes covertly so) insinuations of failed father and son relationships littered throughout the story. The most obvious relationship in this story is that between Victor Frankenstein and his monster, however, there are other characters in the story that present themselves as father-figures. In this essay, I will endeavour to discussRead MoreHarold Blooms Analusis of Frankenstein Essay693 Words   |  3 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein to find true meaning. Throughout his essay, he gives answers to the lingering question of who the real monster is. He also paints a clear picture of a major theme in the novel, the Romantic mythology of the self. Through reading his essay, it opens up new light to Mary Shelleys novel. It gives new meaning to the monster and his creator. Basically Harold Bloom begins his essay by explaining how Frankenstein to most of us is the name of the monster rather than hisRead MorePortrayal Of Women In Frankenstein1096 Words   |  5 PagesMary Shelley s Frankenstein is one of the most iconic classic works of fiction from the nineteenth century. Frankenstein tells the tale of Victor Frankenstein’s creation of a living monster. Contrary to popular belief, the monster was not given a name by Frankenstein and is only referred to as â€Å"the monster† throughout the story. While it may seem like a simple, classic horror story on the surface, when analyzed more closely, Frankenstein reveals not only many mythological and religious referencesRead MoreFrankenstein as a Gothic Novel Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesTragic wanderers, ominous atmosphere, symbolism, and themes: these are elements of a Gothic novel. Though Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, written in the early 19th century, certainly contains many components of a Gothic novel, can it be correctly grouped under that genre? A definition of a Gothic novel; according to Tracy, is a description of a fallen world. We experience this fallen world though the aspects of a novel: plot, setting, characterization, and theme (De Vore, Domenic, Kwan and Reidy)

Analysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell - 1088 Words

1984 The book that I chose for my first book report was 1984 by George Orwell. The story begins by introducing a man named, Winston Smith, a simple man from the country known as Oceania. He lives in a small flat within London, on the Island known as Airstrip One. Winston is a part of the outer party, which is a part of the ruling party within Oceania, and is a low ranking member who works for the Ministry of Truth as a propaganda officer. The people of the ruling party are constantly being watched, and their actions and thoughts are under strict control by the government. Thoughts specifically are very important to the party and the thought police, a policing agency that analyzes individual’s thoughts, and are dedicated to controlling what party members think about. Winston makes a conscious choice to go against them by beginning his own personal journal and starts his journey of rebellion against the party. As a propaganda officer within the Ministry of Truth he works to control a ll information that circulates within Oceania. While working at the Ministry of Truth Winston encounters a man named O’Brien who interests him very much, and he begins to believe that he and O’Brien share similar views towards the party. As Winston continues to work and live in London he also begins to run into a dark-haired girl several times at work, and while he is wondering through the city. This peaks his interest and he soon becomes suspicious of this, because he believes she may be a spy orShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1362 Words   |  6 PagesKathie Tejada Professor Antonio Tomà ¡s Guerrero Dà ­az COLI 214B 1984 This novel, 1984, is a dystopia and takes place in Oceania where people live in a totalitarian society. The author, George Orwell, wrote this as if he was looking into the future and what it was going to turn in to. This group of people, called The Party, have control over everything and everyone, and they have a leader, known as Big Brother, who is everywhere throughout the novel and the people look up to him. They invented a languageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1084 Words   |  5 Pages1984 was written by British author George Orwell. The main character is an average man by the name of Winston Smith. Winston does not agree with the ideals of the party; this gets him arrested by the thought police. 1984 proclaims what could happen if people just let the government do all their thinking for them. 1.In the world of 1984, what is considered orthodox is not the same as the actual world. In the book in order to be considered orthodox one must never question the party or have any individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1493 Words   |  6 Pagessteadily bringing us closer to the world of Big Brother because the government has the ability to collect information from devices that are constantly being in use such as cell phones, televisions, and computers without our consent. In the book entitled 1984, George Orwell reveals how Oceania was a world where no one could be trusted; an action as simple as thinking was considered a violation of the law and you could be arrested for it. Individuals were living in a society where their own thoughts, evenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1288 Words   |  6 PagesControlled freedom Present day society is very much like society in the book 1984. Although, some of the procedures have diminished slightly, they still do exist, and are still current in today’s society. it’s a shame that most people fail to see that our â€Å"free† nation is actually still controlled. we are being manipulated in such a manner that we do not see by propaganda, media, lies, and yes even torture. Many citizens can say that here in America we are free nation or have freedom, but do weRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell968 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, 1984 by George Orwell, is about the external and internal conflicts that take place between the two main characters, Winston and Big Brother and how the two government ideas of Democracy and totalitarianism take place within the novel. Orwell wrote the novel around the idea of communism/totalitarianism and how society would be like if it were to take place. In Orwell’s mind democracy and comm unism created two main characters, Winston and Big Brother. Big Brother represents the idea ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1029 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel 1984, written by George Orwell, depicts a horrendous future in which the citizens of the tyrannous state of Oceania live under unceasing surveillance. The mysterious character of Big Brother serves as the leader of this dystopian society while members of the Party work for total power over the general public. Telescreens are installed in every room for constant investigation, language is continuously modified, and extreme actions are made in order to achieve the end goal of absolute controlRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1253 Words   |  6 Pagesno point of trying to live a regular life. In the book 1984 by George Orwell nearly everyone in the book is brainwashed and given a lot of false information. Winston and other characters only provide a little bit of hope. With a little bit of hope in the brainwashed world there is still absolutely no chance for any recovery unless the upper management screws up. This hope provides nearly no chance of humanity going back to normal. In the book, 1984, Big Brother is watching over everyone at all timesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell2321 Words   |  10 Pagespossible crime, thoughtcrime. In the novel â€Å"1984†, by George Orwell, Winston Smith rebelles passively against the idea of living in a complete uniform world under Big Brother’s dreadful surveillance. Thought crime’s impact on the novel’s population is devastating, so much so that it is somewhat hard to picture today’s society in its place. The sad reality is that thoughtcrime does impact the lives of the people in today’s society to some extent as it does in the book. The level of punishment for such a crimeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1092 Words   |  5 Pages and opinio ns of its citizens; therefore removing the difference between state and society. The goal of a totalitarian government is to replace the existing society with a perfect one. In the novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dominant figure in the ways which he controls Oceania. Orwell portrays a society with a government that oversees and influences each facet of human life to the point that even having an unfaithful thought that is in disagreement with the law is forbidden. Big BrotherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell930 Words   |  4 Pages The book 1984 was filled with constant rebellion from one individual known as Winston Smith who does not believe in the â€Å"Party† and would much rather join the â€Å"Brotherhood† where he can oppose the Party. While in Divergent, Beatrice Prior is loyal and compliant with her government until she learns that she is a rare type of human known as a divergent and poses a threat to her governme nt. These two stories while incredibly different have many similarities as well. Both stories are about people trying

Acient and Medieval Western Civilization - 766 Words

Ancient Medieval Western Civilization At the point when Alexander the Great died in Babylon on June 11 323 BC, few could have known the prospects for the Macedonians and the Greeks. In the last twelve years they had fulfilled wonderful victories that brought under their influence more than ten times the domain Alexander had started with in Greece. It was to be the start of the Hellenistic Age, a period of one of a kind social and political advancements, that achieved an amalgamation of old and new. After Phillip of Macedon died the next successor to the throne was his son Alexander III of Macedon. At the point when Alexander went to the throne, he was just twenty years of age, despite the fact that he had incredible preparing and experience for somebody so junior. He had receive an intense training from a man named Leonidas. Then, at age thirteen, he was guided by the Greek savant, Aristotle, who prepared Alexanders keenness as seriously as Leonidas had prepared his body. Largely on account of his instruction, Alexander showed both an unfathomable physical strength and educated virtuoso. Those qualities, consolidated with right on time battles against northern tribes and at the skirmish of Chaeronea, made the youthful ruler more than primed to accept power. For the next eleven years Alexander continued his father plan to conquer Persia . Alexander was also successful because of his charismatic personality. He knew many his troops by name, and imparted the dangers

Identification And Identification Of Fingerprint Scanners

Our idea Fingerprint scanners have been used in movies such as action and various other types for years, but until recent times, they were unheard of technology in the real world. In the past few years, however, scanners have been introduced into almost the whole society for example in police stations, high-security buildings and even on PC keyboards. Fingerprints are a unique identification of all individuals, even identical twins whose two prints may look exactly the same, a fingerprint scanner can find the differences between certain finger prints. Fingerprint scanning into encryption- this method of introducing fingerprints to unlock the key for personal secured information rather than using passwords is a lot safer because it is†¦show more content†¦Introducing finger print scanning instead of credit cards- replace using credit cards with finger print scanners at all ATM machines and banks, this would be much safer because there is no risk in anyone taking card details and pins therefore reduces the risk of fraud and will save banks a lot of money from having to pay back to those who have been affected from fraud. Year by year card fraud and database hacking is increasing. The main reason being the outdated method of using a card and PIN. Therefore to counteract the information being stolen so easily, this project introduces the idea of integrating Fingerprint Technology into the Banking system. This can be achieved by each bank having its own encryption algorithms for fingerprints unique to its customers and thereaf ter update ATM machines with attaching fingerprint scanners to them. Fingerprint scanning has recently been introduced into technology, for example iPhone now have a fingerprint detector to unlock the iPhone instead of using a pin, and this only gives the owner of the phone authority to access the information within the phone. Also fingerprint scanning has been used in fast food chains for example Chicago’s fast food restaurant has an ordering system which uses fingerprints to determine customer’s orders. Governments use finger print scanning in many ways one of which is for passport verification in airports. Research shows that more than half (62%) of

The Effects of Stereotype Threats Free Essays

Stereotype threat theory functions in a social environment in which a person is negatively stereotyped which creates a reaction of tenseness, indecision, uneasiness and distress on the person the stereotype was intended for. This distress comes from the understanding that one’s actions may possibly corroborate a negative stereotype which frequently results in confirmation or verification of the stereotype.The hypothesis that all three articles stereotype threats affects psychological processes that creates a situational pressure that depresses performance in an assortment of situations and settings for example on standardized test performance, sports performance, female math performance, compared to people who are not affected by Stereotype threat. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Stereotype Threats or any similar topic only for you Order Now The article â€Å"The Effects of Stereotype Threat on Standardized Mathematics Test Performance and Cognitive Processing† demonstrates that stereotype threat depresses performance on standardized tests in which results in an invalid method of assessment. The article â€Å"Stereotype endorsement and perceived ability as mediators of the girls gender orientation–soccer performance relationship† demonstrates that stereotype effect affects psychological processes that depress performance in sports. The Effects of Stereotype Threats A schema is a mental framework that assists in organizing and categorizing information about an individual’s social environment. Schemas are associations that are used to assist people in differentiating, judging and retaining processed information which as a result creates mental shortcuts.Schemas are used to explain behavior about certain ethnic groups, genders and social economic statuses. In this case schemas are referred to as a stereotype which are overgeneralizations about characteristics and traits that are generalized to explain the behavior of every person in a particular people group. Stereotypes create stereotype threats that cause negative consequences for individuals that are in the group the stereotype is directed toward.Stereotype threats affects psychological processes that creates a situational pressure that depresses performance in an assortment of situations and settings for example on standardized test performance, sports performance, female math performance, female sports performance compared to people who are not affected by Stereotype threat. Stereotype threat theory functions in a social environment in which a person is negatively stereotyped which creates a reaction of nervousness, indecision, uneasiness and distress on the person the stereotype was intended for.This distress comes from the understanding that one’s actions may possibly corroborate a negative stereotype which frequently results in confirmation or verification of the stereotype. Therefore, the outcome or end result of this discomfort is the definition of stereotype threat which frequently produces negative performance by individuals in the stereotype group. Stereotype effect hinders performance of individuals demonstrating that stereotype-threatened individuals describe reduced expectations which includes reduced hope, opportunities, and belief in oneself.The article â€Å"The Effects of Stereotype Threat on Standardized Mathematics Test Performance and Cognitive Processing† demonstrates that stereotype threat depresses performance on stand ardized tests in which results in an invalid method of assessment. The purpose of the study in the article was to demonstrate if stereotype threat impacts the way student’s cognitively process information (Arbuthnot, 2009). The students were randomly assigned to the low- or high-stereotype-threat group which was decided on their race measure of accomplishment and grades the students received in math (Arbuthnot, 2009). The results of the study demonstrated that stereotype threat affects psychological process which in turn negatively affects the performance of standardized test as seen with the high-achieving black students on the mathematics tests in the high stereotype threat condition (Arbuthnot, 2009). The results also proved that stereotype threat contributes to differences on math tests scores between white and black participant because stereotype threat impacts different kinds of test items (Arbuthnot, 2009).The study clearly demonstrates that the African American students when present with high stereotype threat perform differently because of the negative impact that it has on how the student’s psychologically process the test questions (Arbuthnot, 2009). One noticeable limitation that was present in the study was that the researchers’ wanted to replicate a conventional standardized testing environment where the students were not aware that the tests were voluntary but the limi tation was that the students knew it was a voluntary research project (Arbuthnot, 2009).The article â€Å"Stereotype endorsement and perceived ability as mediators of the girls gender orientation–soccer performance relationship† demonstrates that stereotype effect affects psychological processes that depress performance in sports. The article proves that stereotype effect affect girls that a majority of sports have a stereotype that many sports are manly and creates a pressure which affects female’s apparent capability in sports (Chalabaev, A. , Sarrazin, A. 007). The article is similar to the article â€Å"The Effects of Stereotype Threat on Standardized Mathematics Test Performance and Cognitive processing† because both articles provide a correlation between stereotype threats effects ability to depress performance. The two articles differs in that the stereotype threat impacts two different situations in one article stereotype threat affects standardized tests and the other article stereotype threat affects sports performance.The method that the study used during a required soccer class in which soccer in Europe is looked at as being a masculine sport took a survey and grouped the students by the level of students performance after the students worked out for ten minutes. The results demonstrated that if the girls thought that it was a negative stereotype correlated with the negative stereotype of girls and soccer the girls performed low. The results of the study prove that stereotype affects psychological processes by decreas ing an individual perception of the activity by decreasing performance.The limitations that were present in the study showed was that when using path-analytic studies probability that a variable could have been not added. The article â€Å"Stereotype Threat in Classroom Settings: The Interactive Effect of Domain Identification, Task Difficulty and Stereotype Threat on Female Students’ Math Performance† demonstrates that stereotype threat affects a psychological process that depresses performance in on standardized test performance by demonstrating that stereotype threat is more prominent when the exam consists on complicated concepts.The article also demonstrates that stereotype threat depresses performance because of the previous research done in laboratory settings. The article also discusses how a number of experiments have found that stereotype threat is related to pressure and arousal by measuring individual’s cardiovascular system. The goal of the study was to investigate stereotype threat theory in high school students. The second goal of the tudy was to investigate a relationship between stereotype threat and the effect of how difficult the problems of the exam The method in the study was that students were given a math exam compromising of different levels of complexity. The results of the study showed that the female student performance was depressed in the stereotype threat group. The results prove that stereotype threat depresses psychological processes that create a situational pressure that on standardized test performance. The article â€Å"Stereotype threat in classroom settings: The interactive effect of domain identification, task difficulty and stereotype threat on female students’ maths performance† is similar to the article â€Å"Stereotype endorsement and perceived ability as mediators of the girls gender orientation–soccer performance relationship† in that both articles demonstrated the effect that stereotype threat has in depressing performance in women. The articles differed in that one article demonstrated stereotype threat in women’s sports performance and the other article demonstrated stereotype effect on women’s test performance on difficult test items. How to cite The Effects of Stereotype Threats, Papers

Management & E-Commerce Free-Samples for Students -Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Management and E-Commerce. Answer: Introduction Management in context of business can be defined as a possibility of achieving the mission or objectives of the company. As, it circulates compulsory guideline to be followed with in the organisation related to manager availability, communication as well as relationship styles and also capacity to synthesize various challenges in the organisation.In the following assessment will look forward to the knowledge management and e-commerce from the perspective of organisation. Chosen organisation for the report is Rio Tinto, public Ltd organisation. It headquarter is located in London UK. The business enterprise deals in the product like iron ore, Alumina, copper, aluminum, Diamonds etc (About Rio Tinto, 2017). Later in the assessment report will also asses that how Rio Tintocan utilize KM and e-commerce for increasing its business practices. Overview ofknowledge management and e-commerce E-commerce or e- business includes the usage of information technology capabilities to accomplish objectives(Kourie, BothaSnyman, 2014). Furthermore it not only includes selling and buying but also other business processes such as managing electronic relationship as well as serving consumers and suppliers. E-commerce assist in managing supply activities till the time final delivery is done to the consumers. Also helps in maintain the internal communication relationship between client as well as employees and also helps in collaborating with other business partners. All such activities are considered as intangible assets. That means the ultimate concentration of e-commerce solution is on knowledge management (NickersonBargiela-Chiappini.(2014)). Where e- business strategy is a strategy that is based on the different level management as well as organizational departments group works. Now the shared information to integrate the following group is known as knowledge. For instance, feedbacks in relation to consumer satisfaction will link the marketing and production department. Hence, it assists in linking the different tasks performed by individuals, level of organisation and departments. Assessing how Rio Tintowill utilize KM and e-commerce for enhancing the business Knowledge management is nothing but a systematic organizational management that results in creating value as well as in meeting various strategic and tactical needs. Further it includes various initiative process and strategies that leads towards enhancing the business storage, knowledge, sharing as well as assessment (Holsapple, 2013). In other words, KM is about applying knowledge in the previously, new or novel situations. It is a continuouscycle of 3 major processes. Those are knowledge creation and improvement, distribution and circulation as well as addition and application. It involves of incorporating both storing and holding the knowledge perspectives in respect to intellectual assets. As per knowledge management theory there are three distinct perception of knowledge that is containers, communities and content. Rio Tintowhile maintain KM will help in executing different knowledge component of business activities. Also it will help in maintaining link in between the company assets and tactics that further will result into enhancement of the business practices (Lawsonet.al., 2013). Rio Tintoshould go with the Knowledge management as it leads the business towards: Globalization- Intodays world organizations have become more universal with multiple sites, multicultural nature. Learner organisation- Itwill help the respective travel and tourism firm in adopting learning strategy which result in understanding the consumer values and increase focus on understanding their values. As it is the ultimate goal of reaching the hearts of clients by providing them ultimate satisfaction from services and products. Advancement of technology- It lead the company to have better connectivity with the world. As these days entire world is being connected to multiple of website and smart phones etc. In such situation it is important for a firm like Rio Tintoto have online presence (Massingham, 2014). This is done to enhance the consumer awareness about the company and its services/products etc. There are 4 different KM models: Zack KM model from Meyer and Zack (1996)- Zack model is an approach where every stage is designed to be standardized and logical. Stages are acquisition, refinement, storage, distribution and last but not least refinery. Bukowitz Williams Model (2000)- the following model shows the process framework in a KM which outlines how the companies generate, maintain as well as expand a strategically precise stock of knowledge to create the value. Under this knowledge means relationships, knowledge repositories, IT, communication infrastructure, and process know-how (Kpylet.al.,2014). Also include functional skill sets organizational intelligence and external sources. Stages involved in this method are get, use, learn, contribute and then assess at last. McElroy Model (2003) - This model outline the knowledge life cycle. That further includes the knowledge integration as well as process of knowledge production. Stages involved under this method are learning, validation, acquisition, integration and at the end completion. WllG (1993)-it involves creating, sourcing, compiling, transforming and application the knowledge (Ariza-Montes et.al., 2014). Basically this model portray 3 major conditions first is of having a client and business. Second condition is of having resources that are people, facilities or budget etc. And at the end it is required to have the strength to act. E-commerce Electronics Commerce is a modern business methodology which addresses various requirements of the business enterprises and other related to the company (Assessing how e-commerce leads to enhancement of business practice.(2017)). Such as vendors and consumers to reduce cost and develop the quality of goods/services while enhancing the delivery speed. In other words e-commerce is termed as a paperless exchange of business information by the use of various means. Those are electronic data exchange, electronic fund transfer, e-mail, electronic bulletin boards etc. With the help of E-Commerce Rio Tintocan provides the following features to its clients. Which are as follows: Non-Cash Payment mode- With the help of E-Commerce one can make use of cards like debit credit smart cards, electronic fund transfer etc. on online website bank's website, and other modes of electronics payment (Kourie, BothaSnyman, 2014). 24x7 Service availability- Second feature of E-commerce is its 24 hour service. One client can transact from anywhere at any time through online platforms. Marketing/ Advertising- E-commerce assist in enhancing the range of advertising of enterprise products/services. Improved Sales: Also leads towards improving the sales of products and services can be made at anytime and anywhere without any intervention of individual. That further leads in boosting the turnover of the company Inventory Management: Another important feature of ecommerce is inventory managementthat assists in generating the reports when required (NickersonBargiela-Chiappini,.2014). Also it becomes efficient as well as easy to maintain the product inventory. Communication improvement: it provides various communication ways that leads towards faster, efficient, reliable communication with clients and other partners. There are various e-commerce business models which companies such as Rio Tintocan apply in its business. Those are: B2B- Business to business model where the company prepares a separate website to sale its products to intermediate buyer. And afterwards the intermediate buyer sells the product to ultimate customer. This model in case of Rio Tintowill work as it is having wide ranges of products and in order to reach more and more customers the company can go for franchise, retail outlets etc. There is a chain formed in the model from producer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. B2C- Business to consumer, over here the respective company can sell its products directly to its clients. This saves time and energy of the customer and makes it convenient to choose correct purchase and make a deal. Rio Tinto provides its services worldwide and so the consumer can directly go to stores in near locality to make a purchase (Kpylet.al.,2014). C2C-Consumer to consumer model, this model again is not useful model in regard to Rio Tintoas over here customer sales there products to another consumer. When it comes to products like diamond, gold etc. consumer prefers to purchase firsthand instead of going for second hand option. This deals are generally made in respect of cars, motorcycles etc. such as OLX. C2B- Consumer to business,now this model is very much useful to Rio Tinto, as it provides its clients a opportunity to give their give self-customized designs and company will further study and make product accordingly. This will further result in increasing consumer satisfaction (Massingham, 2014). B2G- That is business to government model is a variant of B2B model. In this government use the websites of organizations to trade as well as exchange various information. This model is useful in case of Rio Tinto as because the government may do gold load and other related transactions with the company. Hence, following model is a useful to Rio Tinto. G2B- Government to business model,Again the model is useful for particular organisation. These types of websites are generally used by the government to auction things like gold, diamond etc. in order to approach general citizens. Conclusion The following report was based on the KM and e-commerce in context of Rio Tintobusiness. Firstly the report includes overview of both the dimensions and assessments. That are ecommerce as well as knowledge management in context of respective business. Also has assess that how thesesdimensions leads towards the enhancement of business practices of the chosen travel and tourism firm. Firstly, km was discussed, and came up with certain benefits in regard to organisation that was globalization as well as technology advancement. Along with this also had discussed various models which were Zack, Bukowitz and Williams, McElroy and last but not the least WIIG model. After making discussion over KM next came up with the e-commerce and analyzed various factors to find the capability of enhancement of business. Came up with various features such as 24 hour service, marketing advertising and inventory management and communication improvement. Also report had discussed various models in respect t o e-commerce, which were B2B, B2C, C2B, B2B, G2B, and B2G etc. References Books and Journals Ariza-Montes, J.A. et.al.(2014).From potential absorptive capacity to innovation outcomes in project teams: The conditional mediating role of the realized absorptive capacity in a relational learning context.International Journal of Project Management. 32(6).pp.894-907. Holsapple, C. (ed.). (2013).Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Kpyl, J. et.al.(2014). Knowledge that matters: identifying regional knowledge assets of the tampere region.European Planning Studies.22(10). pp.2011-2029. Kourie, D., Botha, A. Snyman, R. (2014)Coping with continuous change in the business environment: Knowledge management and knowledge management technology. Elsevier. Lawson, G. et.al. (2013). The design and implementation of knowledge management systems and e-learning for improved occupational health and safety in small to medium sized enterprises.Safety science. 60. pp.69-76. Massingham, P. (2014). An evaluation of knowledge management tools: Part 1managing knowledge resources.Journal of Knowledge Management. 18(6). pp.1075-1100. Nickerson, C.R. Bargiela-Chiappini, F. (2014).Writing business: Genres, media and discourses. Routledge. Online About Rio Tinto.(2017). [Online] Available Through: . Accessed on 22nd April] Assessing how e-commerce leads to enhancement of business practice. (2017). [Online] Available Through : https://www.dypatil.edu/schools/management/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/impact-of-e-commerce-on-business-performance-a-study-with-respect-to-travel-industry-Murtaza-Adenwala.pdf.[ Assessed on 22nd April].

Growth and Structural Changes in Employment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Growth and Structural Changes in Employment. Answer: Introduction: The paper critically discusses the statement The economy of the Peoples Republic of China has reached its Lewisian Turning Point, earlier than expected. In fact, much earlier, and the consequences for China and for the global economy could be tremendous. The model predicts that as the economic growth takes off in the low-income economy, workers shall move from the agricultural sector to industrial sector and a some point referred to the Lewis turning point, surplus labour in agricultural sector shall be depleted leading to sharply surged wages. The determination of the turning point is arrived at via the comparison of marginal product of labour (MPL) and wages in agricultural sector. Research has shown that the national turning of China took place in the year 2006, and hence there is a vast variation in timing of turning point on the regional level (Golley and Meng 2011). Researcher have understood this phenomenon by using the provisional level data in the estimation of the turning point between the years 1996 and 2011. The economy of China could have hit a period of key transformation, as in latest years firm economic forces have been impacting the labour market of China never witnessed. Wages in the manufacturing industry in China in the previous decades have been sharply rising, and in the course of period between 1998 and 2010, the average yearly real wage growth rate stood at 13.80%. Such steady growth in wages has been impacting the cost of production and the competitiveness of China in global market. Simultaneously, reports of shortages in Chinese labour in manufacturing industry have been often with Guangdong province alone being short of 2 million migrant workers in year 2004 (Cai 2010). Such an account aligns to casual observation of managers of the firms. Attraction of labour is increasingly getting difficult unlike in the previous where a queue of workers were waiting for opportunities of jobs, however, presently, it is getting harder for factories to land qualified workers, even if factories are persistently increasing the wages. In the past, abundance of large pool of workers and low costs of production remained the major advantages of economy of China, yet lately, development demonstrate that thing could have altered. A question is posed, is this the eventual state of labour market in China or is it merely a cyclical shortage? Several studies have attempted to present explanation to such a development with some turning to Lewis turning point obtain responses (Fang and Yang 2011). The theory of Lewis turning point was developed in 1954 by Arthur Lewis and examines the correlation between labour supply and wages variations in the course of economic development explained above. The arrival of the Lewisian turning point shall not only decrease the potential growth rate of China, but also have huge adverse impacts on prices, wages, income distribution, economic structure, international trade, government economic policies and direct investment. The Chinese economy is experiencing 2 turning points: 1 from a surge to a plunge in working age and another from underemployment to full employment in Chinese economic development course (Lewisian turning point). This has led to supply of labour shifting from surplus to shortage as seen below: Due to sharp migration of Chinese labour force, especially younger workers, from rural to urban regions, no excess workers in rural areas. The amount of migrant rural residents that left their household registration places hit 159 million in year 2011. The economy of China against this backdrop seems to have hit Lewisian turning point/full employment in process of development. No severe unemployment problem has resulted in the face of the present Chinese economic slowdown compared to past depression. Whereas the real wage growth rate was persistently and substantially lower than growth rate of real GDP till 1997, consequently, this pattern has been upturned as seen below: Rising Wages and Corresponding Impact The shift to labour shortage from labour surplus, shall have serious effects on economy of China via driving up wages. First, share of national income of workers will surge, assisting to decrease the income gap. The shift in labour market to sellers market from buyers market shall not solely culminate in increasing wages, but also enhance rights of workers by lessening working hours as well as accelerating household registration system reforms. Coupled with a decline in rate of unemployment, such enhancement shall account for social stability. Secondly, there will be a contraction in the regional gap. Provided that labour shortage and increasing wages are increasingly evident in coastal regions than in inland regions, the shift of industries from former to later is skyrocketing, especially in labour-intensive industries. Such a shift, is considered a local version of flying geese formation, has culminated in a trend of high growth marred with higher economic growth in inland regions compared to coastal regions right from year 2007. Consequently, the regional disparity that had endured to broaden previously, is currently tightening. Inflationary pressure shall surge. Indeed, when regression analysis is undertaken utilizing data since 1998, with rate of inflation for present quarter (explained variable) and economic growth rate (explanatory variable) for the past three quarters, analyst have reported a strong correlation between the 2 variables. Provided the arrival of Lewisian turning point, China faces an inevitable drop in potential rate of growth. This growth conceptually is constituted by the contribution of expansion of inputs of labour and surge in productivity of labour, and latter is able to be subdivided into expansion of inputs of capital and the surge in total factor productivity (FFP). Such changes in labour market shall become variables that shall restrain contribution of expansion of inputs of labour and those of capital thereby decreasing the potental rate of growth where TFP is constant. Lewisian turning point arrival will limit growth. The labour supply that was unlimited virtually in the previous, has reinforced economic growth in China. First, absorption of excess labour in agricultural sctor by industrial as well as service sectors has been contributing directly to GDP expansion. Secondly, shift of labour force from agriculturla sector along with corresponding low productivity, to industrial and service sectors along with higher productivity, has led to improvement in economy as a whole. The fact that surplus labour has kept wages at the low levels works in favor of cohort with high capital income that consequently culminate in high savings as well as high investment. Yet, the accomplishment of full employment implies that supply of labour to industrial as well as service sector shall drop. Together with a drop in rate of saving this will culminate in a drop in rate of potential growth (Huang and Jiang, 2010). Clear proof of already declined Chinese potential growth rate exists. The latest divergence between comparatively high rati of jon-offers-to-seekers denoting balance between supply and demand in market for labour alongside the comparatively low economic rate of growth are typical signs. The more rate of growth surpasses (fall short of) the rate of potential growth, the higher (or lower) is the ratio of job-offers-to-seekers sinnce the balance between supply of labor and demand for labour tightens (loosens). Where potential growth rate is fixed, a lower rate of growth need to drop the ratio of job-offers-to-job-seekers since the balance between supply of labour and demand for labour loosens in market for labour. Nevertheless, where potential rate of growth further drops together with real rate of growth, ratio of job-offers-to-seekers must stay high as it is currently, since the balance between supply of labour and demand for it does not broaden as seen below: Economic Development Trend Shift Whereas the Lewisian arrival imply that quantitative expansion of factor of production including labour and capital-growth drive will be challenging, it further mean that China shall be freed from the limitation of the need to create a huge quantity of jobs. Chinese GDP growth rate hit 10.40% per year between 1991 and 2011 whereas Chinese employment rate of growth stood at merely 0.8 percent (Fang, Yang and Meiyan 2009). The co-existence of high rate of economic growth and low growth in employment is referred to as jobless growth in China. Many economists recognize this phenomenon as a severe economic problem. Chinese government has been putting priority on labour-intensive industries development to secure employment. Nevertheless, the fact that Gross Domestic Product, denoting output, has growth by 10.40% yearly, whereas employment, denoting input of labour, has surged by merely 0.80% per year implies that yearly growth in productivity of labour has hit 9.60%, substantially accounting for economic growth. From this viewpoint, jobless growth is representable as the growth in absence of job growth or growth via increase in productivity of labour (Minami and Ma 2010). In case of full employment achievement (Lewisian turning point), growth from expanding employment would be increasingly foolhardy, if not unfeasible, subsequently, a surge in labour productivity-an increase in TFP especially-shall be most significant aspect to back rate of economic growth (Fang 2007). The government of China against such backdrop, has commenced to make top preference of its economic policy shift in economic development trend, mainly from growth on the basis of expansion of inputs to growth in terms of higher productivity, rather than emphasizing on creating jobs as in it did previously. The government is encouraging native innovation by Chinese firms to improve productivity. The government such 7 strategic emerging industries as regions on cultivating as energy conservation and environmental protection; next-generation info technology; biotechnology; high-end equipment manufacturing; new energies; new energy automobiles. Both government policies and market forces are presently encouraging shifts in economic development trend. Due to increasing wages linked to labour shortage, Chinese firms must work on investments in saving labour as well as cultivate novel business regions to improve competitiveness. On the basis of such efforts of Chinese government and firms, China is upgrading its structure for industries through the movement of resources out of the industries that are labour-intensive to those of higher value addition ones. This accounts for Chinas recognition as the global largest producer of automobiles as well as crude steel, the economys manufacturing industry has been shifting from light industries to heavy ones. Impact on Global Economy Provided that China is the global largest exporting economy and 2nd largest importing economy, the sharp changes in Chinese labour market and the subsequent shift in its economic development trend shall further have a substantial tremendous consequences/impacts on the global economy. First, in the international trade, such changes shall change the comparative prices of products and hence the Terms of Trade (ToT) (the relative price of exports to imports) of global economies engaged via changes in the exports and import structures of China (Cai 2008). China has been surging its exports of labour-intensive commodities, making use of comparative advantage of the countrys abundant labour force, whereas importing capital-and technology-intensive commodities like machinery as well as components from overseas. In this course, the ToT of China deteriorated in terms of declining prices for exported goods and increasing prices for imported goods whereas those of Chinas trading partners improved. This implies that China in essence transferred income to the trading partners. Yet, as labour moves to shortage from surplus, the comparative advantage of China is shifting to capital-and technology- intensive products from labour-intensive products. As the economys import of capital- and technology-intensive products shall be substituted by goods locally manufactured, whereas Chinas exports of labour-intensive products shall be curbed, both labour-intensive products supply and demand for capital-and technology-intensive products will decrease in the global market. As a consequent, the comparative price of labour-intensive products to the capital-and technology-intensive products shall increase, and, consequently, the ToT of China will improve. Whereas such a change in comparative prices shall be beneficial for the developing economies which primarily export labour-intensive products and import capital-and technology-intensive products, the developed economies which mainly export the latter and import the former shall be greatly hurt. Simultaneously, with respect to direct investment, the alteration in the comparative advantage of China is facilitating the shift overseas of labour-intensive products because of increasing wages and high rate of exchange (Cai and Wang 2010). The Chinas industrial restructuring that requires a large-scale factories relocation past its national boundaries, shall provide a golden opportunity for Southeast Asian economies and emerging economies like India with low cost of wages to accelerate their respective industrialization on the basis of inflow of direct investment. In ten years, products manufactured in China which are on shelves of one-hundred-yen shops in Japan, for example, could extinguish and be substituted by products in such other economies. Conclusion Detailed understanding of the Lewisian turning point model and the associated impacts on both Chinese economy and other global economies have been presented. China hit the full employment in 2006 and this has not only had negative effects in China but the spillages are being felt in other trading partners economies. References Cai, F. and Wang, M., 2010. Growth and structural changes in employment in transition China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 38(1), pp.71-81. Cai, F., 2008. Approaching a triumphal span: How far is China towards its Lewisian turning point? (No. 2008/09). Research Paper, UNU-WIDER, United Nations University (UNU). Cai, F., 2010. Demographic transition, demographic dividend, and Lewis turning point in China. China Economic Journal, 3(2), pp.107-119. Fang, C., 2007. Growth and Structural Changes in Employment in Transitional China [J]. Economic Research Journal, 7, pp.4-14. Fang, C., 2010. Demographic Transition, Demographic Dividend, and Lewis Turning Point in China [J]. Economic Research Journal, 4, pp.4-13. Fang, C., Yang, D. and Meiyan, W., 2009. Migration and labor mobility in China. Fang, C.A.I. and Yang, D.U., 2011. Wage increases, wage convergence, and the Lewis turning point in China. China economic review, 22(4), pp.601-610. Golley, J. and Meng, X., 2011. Has China run out of surplus labour?. China Economic Review, 22(4), pp.555-572. Huang, Y. and Jiang, T., 2010. What does the Lewis turning point mean for China? A computable general equilibrium analysis. China Economic Journal, 3(2), pp.191-207. Minami, R. and Ma, X., 2010. The Lewis turning point of Chinese economy: Comparison with Japanese experience. China Economic Journal, 3(2), pp.163-179.